Geraniums are a favorite among gardeners and plant enthusiasts for their vivid blooms and hardy nature. Originating from the family Geraniaceae, these plants are versatile, easy to care for, and can significantly enhance the aesthetic of any garden or home.
Whether grown for their ornamental beauty or their essential oils, geraniums have fascinated people for centuries.
This article delves into some lesser-known and intriguing facts about geraniums, enriching your knowledge and perhaps even surprising you.
Geraniums Facts
1. Geraniums Are Not True Geraniums
Geraniums, as popularly known, are actually from the genus Pelargonium. True geraniums belong to the genus Geranium and are commonly referred to as ‘cranesbills.’ Both belong to the family Geraniaceae, but they have different appearances, growth habits, and care requirements.
This mix-up happened in the 18th century when botanists first classified them, and the name “geranium” for Pelargonium varieties stuck among gardeners.
2. Geraniums Have a Rich History of Medicinal Use
Geranium plants have been utilized for their therapeutic benefits for centuries. They are known to have antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and healing properties. In traditional medicine, geranium oil has been used to treat a variety of ailments, including neuralgia, eczema, and menstrual issues.
Even today, their essential oil extracted from certain species, notably Pelargonium graveolens, is highly valued in aromatherapy and herbal remedies.
3. The Essential Oil of Geranium Is Prized in Perfumery
The essential oil extracted from geranium leaves is highly valued in the perfume industry. It emits a floral scent, somewhat akin to roses, making it a popular ingredient in fragrances and cosmetic products.
The oil’s ability to balance emotions and uplift the mood is also a reason for its preference in aromatherapy. Producing this oil is labor-intensive, which often reflects in the price of pure geranium oil.
4. Geranium Flowers Can Be Used in Culinary Dishes
Not only are geraniums beautiful, but some varieties are also edible and can add a unique flavor to various dishes. The leaves of certain geraniums, especially the rose-scented geranium, are used in cakes, jellies, and teas, imparting a subtle floral taste.
It’s crucial to ensure the plant hasn’t been treated with pesticides or other chemicals if you plan to consume any part of it. Always consult a knowledgeable source before eating any plant to ensure it’s safe.
5. There Are Over 200 Species of Geraniums
The genus Pelargonium boasts over 200 species, showcasing a wide range of colors, sizes, and shapes. This diversity offers something for every garden and has helped geraniums remain a popular choice among gardeners for decades.
Some species are grown for their fragrant leaves, while others are prized for their attractive and often prolific flowers. The geranium’s adaptability means it can fit into various garden styles and uses.
6. Geraniums Can Benefit From Being “Deadheaded”
Deadheading, or the removal of spent flowers, encourages geraniums to produce more blooms. By cutting off dying flowers, the plant redirects its energy towards growth and developing new flowers.
This practice can keep your geraniums looking vibrant and blooming throughout the growing season.
7. Geraniums Require Specific Soil Conditions to Thrive
Geraniums perform best in well-drained soil rich in organic matter. They prefer a slightly acidic to neutral soil pH, around 6.0 to 7.0. Overly wet or waterlogged soil can lead to root rot, a common issue with geraniums.
Providing the right soil conditions is crucial for healthy plants and optimal flowering.
8. Some Geranium Species Are Tolerant of Drought Conditions
While it’s true that geraniums enjoy moist soil, several species are remarkably drought tolerant once established. This trait makes them an excellent choice for gardeners in arid regions or those looking to conserve water.
Succulent leaves in certain species help retain moisture, allowing the plant to withstand periods of dryness. However, prolonged drought can still be detrimental, so it’s best to water them during extended dry spells.
9. Geraniums Have Been to Space
In an effort to study the effects of zero gravity on plant growth, geraniums were among the first plants sent into space. NASA conducted experiments in the early days of space exploration with geraniums aboard the space station. These studies helped scientists understand how microgravity affects plant growth and development.
The findings have implications for future long-term space missions, including potential Mars colonization.
10. Geraniums Are Used in Natural Pest Control
Certain geranium species emit a strong fragrance that can repel mosquitoes, aphids, and other garden pests. They’ve been used effectively in companion planting to protect other plants from insect damage.
Additionally, the essential oil of geraniums is often found in natural insect repellent formulations. This property adds another layer of utility to geraniums, making them valuable in organic gardening.
11. Geraniums Can Bloom Year-Round in the Right Conditions
With proper care, geraniums can keep your garden or home vibrant with color throughout the year. They require plenty of sunlight, regular watering, and occasional fertilizing to continuously produce blooms.
In regions with mild winters, geraniums can flourish outdoors all year. In colder climates, potted geraniums can be brought indoors and placed in sunny spots to extend the blooming season.
FAQs About Geraniums
Can geraniums be grown indoors?
Yes, geraniums can grow indoors with sufficient light. Place them near a window that receives at least six hours of sunlight daily to ensure healthy growth and flowering.
Are all geranium species scented?
Not all geranium species have scented leaves. The fragrance varies among species, with some, like the rose-scented geranium, being highly aromatic, while others may have little to no scent.
How often should I water my geraniums?
Water geraniums when the soil feels dry to the touch. They dislike soggy soil, so ensure good drainage to prevent root rot. Overhead watering should also be avoided to reduce the risk of leaf and stem diseases.
Can geraniums help in repelling mosquitoes?
Yes, some types of geraniums, particularly the scented varieties, can help repel mosquitoes. Planting them around sitting areas or using their oil can be effective in mosquito control.
Do geraniums need to be pruned?
Pruning geraniums can help maintain their shape, encourage bushier growth, and improve airflow around the plant. Regularly removing leggy stems and wilting leaves also prevents disease and pest infestations.
Conclusion
Geraniums are much more than just a pretty face. Their versatility, resilience, and the plethora of benefits they offer make them invaluable to gardeners, herbalists, and even scientists. From their utility in aromatherapy and cuisine to their historical significance and ecological contributions like pest control and drought tolerance, geraniums have proven their worth in numerous ways. Whether you’re an experienced gardener or a novice looking to add some color to your space, geraniums are an excellent choice, promising beauty, fragrance, and even a touch of flavor to your life.